I think asynchronous as meaning out-of-sync, implies that there needs to be synchronicity between the two tasks.

In that case, asynchronous just means the state that two or more tasks that should be synchronized in some capacity for the whole behavior to be as desired, is not properly in-sync, it's out-of-sync.

Then I feel there can be many cause of asynchronous behavior, you can be out-of-sync due to concurent execution or due to parallel execution, or due to buggy synchronization, etc.

And because of that, I consider asynchronous programming as the mechanisms that one can leverage to synchronize asynchronous behavior.

But I guess you could also think of asynchronous as doesn't need to be synchronized.

Also haven't read the article yet lol