In addition, the massive investment may be overbuilt, but then likely will end up being useful long-term. This is just as the initial buildout of the internet to power pets.com was a bust at the time, but then led to Amazon, YouTube, Zoom, etc and in fact led to us being able to weather Covid better than you'd have expected.

The modern internet came from folks getting connected over-exuberantly based on near-term returns (with a lot of investors losing their shirts) but then humans figured out what the actual best use of the technology.

Highly recommend this book for more, Carlota Perez is very insightful: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_Revolutions_and_...