A full-resolution, maximum-size JPEG XL image (1,073,741,823 × 1,073,741,824):
Uncompressed: 3.5–7 exabytes Realistically compressed: Tens to hundreds of petabytes
Thats a serious high-res image
A selfie at that resolution would be some sort of super-resolution microscopy.
The only practical way to work with such large images is if they are tiled and pyramidal anyway
An image of earth at very roughly 4cmx4cm resolution? (If I've knocked the zero's off correctly)
Yes, but unlike AVIF, JPEG XL supports progressive decoding, so you can see the picture in lower quality long before the download has finished. (Ordinary JPEG also supports progressive decoding, but in a much less efficient manner, which means you have to wait longer for previews with lower quality.)
At 600DPI that's over a marathon in each dimension.
I do wonder if there are any DOS vectors that need to be considered if such a large image can be defined in relatively small byte space.
I was going to work out how many A4 pages that was to print, but google's magic calculator that worked really well has been replaced by Gemini which produces this trash:
No Gemini, you can't equate meters and miles, even if they do both abbreviate to 'm' sometimes.