Do you know of any articles/papers that try to do in-depth analyses of which features are helpful for building big systems?
Most posts I can think of basically say "X language is good" or "Y language is bad", but I'd really be interested in arguments like "feature A is better at accomplishing goal Z than feature B"
There are some programming language journals that people like to dismiss as “academic”. But “academic” is what I value here.
That's a very good point. My experience is that for large project the architecture also becomes important.
Large project have much code but if you can split out responsibility because your architecture allows this, then you keep your code concise.
One feature Ruby has that helps here is creating Domain Specific Language without yacc or lex. This allows for concise code where its needed.