I wrote a similar post on in-browser scraping: https://serpapi.com/blog/dynamic-scraping-without-libraries/

My approach is a step or two more automated (optionally using a userscript and a backend) and runs in the console on the site under automation rather than cross-origin, as shown in OP.

In addition to being simple for one-off scripts and avoiding the learning curve of a Selenium, Playwright or Puppeteer, scraping in-browser avoids a good deal of potential bot detection issues, and is useful for constant polling a site to wait for something to happen (for example, a specific message or article to appear).

You can still use a backend and write to file, trigger an email or SMS, etc. Just have your userscript make requests to a server you're running.