> Copernicus figured out that if you put the sun at the center, then epicycles weren't necessary
Actually, his model assuming circular orbits still required epicycles to explain retrograde motion etc. A major reason it never caught on was that it was less accurate than the Ptolemaic model but was more of a mathematical curiosity rather than a serious contender.
Yep, it didn't really seem convincing until Kepler replaced the circles with ellipses, and even that step took a lot to move past established ideas about the perfection of nature.