I think I'd call this destructuring, as opposed to patterns and matches, and Python still does it, just not in the function head.
I do wish they went the opposite direction and made the feature better instead of keeping it as a weird assignment thing in the body. The match statement is a similarly unfortunate solution, in my opinion.
Oh well. :)
You're correct, destructuring is the appropriate term.
I checked the release notes, and the reason they removed it: no one was using it. I guess it's unsurprising, but sad.