The purpose was to get rid of C++ compile times and replace C++ with Go, failing that, they decided to pivot the story.
https://commandcenter.blogspot.com/2012/06/less-is-exponenti...
They also got lucky with Docker and Kubernetes, pivoting from Python and Java respectively into Go.
Numerous languages already got rid of C++ compile times. That didn't necessitate another one. Certainly Go wouldn't want C++ compile times any more than any other language, but as far as justifying its creation that would not be sufficient justification alone.
Legend has it that Go was conceived while waiting for a C++ program to compile, if that's what you are thinking of?