Longshoreman's union "touch fees" reportedly have a lot to do with it:
https://capitalresearch.org/article/what-you-need-to-know-ab...
https://twitter.com/johnkonrad/status/1840904466310316459
" it’s somehow cheaper to truck containers hundreds of miles and let taxpayers foot the road repair bill than let the union touch it two more times for short sea shipping to work."
It's not the Longshoreman's union fault that truck drivers have zero leverage against their employers in comparison.
If every form of transportation had strong unions, the system could find whatever healthy or natural distribution was actually economically efficient. More stuff would be sent by Train and Boat, both substantially more efficient in most cases, and both industries that suffer in the US from being ignored.
Instead, so much of the US essentially just runs on Employee Coercion Arbitrage and we all suffer for it.
We should be able to shop around transportation choices without exploiting underpaid workers.
Realistically, a carbon tax would actually have the same outcome if you hate unions.