The entire point is to not collaborate, because this tech is being used for military purposes. The US wants to throw up roadblocks to make it more difficult. Obviously, against a foreign military, anything is a mitigation and not a prevention.
> China engineers have capability to get around these silly sanctions, by renting cloud GPUs from USA companies for example
That's why they're also moving towards KYC for cloud providers.
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/29/2024-01...
Also when you look at the list of nations targeted it's easy to see that this is not necessarily only about China. I think on HN people get China blindness and maybe have a hard time seeing other threats out there.
The list is controversial obviously, but I have to think nations wouldn't be on any tier of the list except the no-restrictions tier if there wasn't something our intel people weren't worried about. Maybe the concerns are not legitimate, but there's definitely a reason we don't want those nations having access to SOTA AI models.