The text seemed to describe it quite well. They just use a bunch of physics jargon because the book approaches rendering from the physics side of things.
Light leaving a point in a direction = light emitted from that point in that direction (zero if we aren't talking about a light bulb or something) plus all light reflected by that point in that direction.
Sure, but I get lost at the notations like big S, `|` and other things. Those notations seem to have many standards or I just can't see to follow.
In pseudocode, or any programming language, I'm right there with you.