How do you find your location from one image of stars? It is possible if you have a precise vertical but you don't have a precise vertical on a moving UAV. That is, you need an inertial system on top that will provide you with a vertical.

With satellite images, you don't need anything apart from time. And no, you don't need to "make a video to see satellites move", you start with your approximate location, make an image and find satellites within a circle where each of them might be, starting with the slowest moving - furthest away from you - ones (they provide poorest precision of coordinates because parallax is small, but you need to start with something, but their search circle will also be smaller), locating those, you get better coordinates of yours and the search circle for each satellite becomes smaller, then you can find faster moving satellites too to get precise coordinates of yourself.