> Encrypted milspec comms aren’t the standard in a massive war.

It is standard in any modern military that is actually prepared for war. It's not like encrypted digital radio is some kind of fancy tech, either - it's readily available to civilians.

Ukraine in particular started working on a wholesale switch to encrypted Motorola radios shortly after the war began in 2014, and by now it's standard equipment across their forces. Russia, OTOH, started the war without a good solution, with patchwork of ad hoc solutions originating from enthusiasts in the units - e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Morozov was a vocal proponent.

But smartphones are more than communications. You can also use them as artillery computers for firing solutions, for example. And while normally there would be a milspec solution for this purpose, those are usually designed with milspec artillery systems and munitions in mind, while both sides in this war are heavily reliant on stocks that are non-standard (to them) - Ukraine, obviously, with all the Western aid, but Russia also had to dig out a lot of old equipment that was not adequately handled. Apps are much easier to update for this purpose, so they're heavily used in practice (and, again, these are often grassroots developments, not something pushed top-down by brass).

At the start of the invasion in Ukraine it was possible for a while to listen to unencrypted radio comms from Russian convoys, hosted online live.

Russians aren't allowed to bring phones on the frontlines apparently but Ukranians often do still as they have the combat management app which is critical to operations. I've always wondered if this is why there's far more published footage of Ukranian combat video than Russian. Beyond the donation incentive they attached to videos when publishing them on Youtube/Telegram.