I don't think your point that root cause is lack of initial resources contradicts the article's view on the benefits of pursuing excellence in education over uniformity. It is plausible that more uniform starting conditions and pursuit of excellence can coexist.
Sure, I don't think they're incompatible. But I don't think pushing "educational excellence" will do as much for our society as will reducing inequality.
I would venture out to say that equality breeds excellence by reducing existential stress in families.