> Can someone explain if there's any logic at all to counting a countrys VAT as part of its tariffs?
There is no logic. VAT isn’t tariffs and is not discriminatory. In the same way as trade imbalance is not theft. It’s just Trump trying to find reasons to complain and present the US as a victim.
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The only logic is that since the USA doesn’t have a VAT system, there is no way to do export VAT rebates.
> Export VAT rebates mean to refund the VAT paid in various domestic production stages to exporters. The purpose is to ensure that the prices of exported products are free of taxes in order to maintain a level playing field for international markets.
So that can’t exist at all for American exporters, since the USA doesn’t use VAT, their goods are taxed at a higher rate (as far as the exporters are concerned). It’s confusing, but Trump could have just asked for negotiations to get rid of this distortion.