Automated Antenna Design with Evolutionary Algorithms [pdf] (2006)

These designs fascinate people who haven't designed antennas. I don't doubt that throwing enough computational power at optimizing antennas will produce antennas optimized for something at the expense of something else but if you're a casual what you should notice is that these papers never mention the "something elses". You can get a paper out of just about any antenna design, btw. There's also a type of ham that will tune up a bedframe or whatever. So just getting something to radiate should not be confused with advancing the state of the art.

These antennas found their way into the utterly savage "pathological antennas" chapter of Hansen and Collin's _Small Antenna Handbook_. See "random segment antennas". Hansen and Collin is the book to have on your shelf if you're doing any small antennas commercially and that chapter is the chapter to go to when you're asked "why don't you just".

As somebody who almost fried his computer during the antenna design course to optimize a dipoles array with a (not optimized) genetic algorithm, I really like this content.

Very cool. Evolutionary Algorithms have kinda been out of the mainstream for a long time. They are good when you can do a lot of "black-box" function evaluations but kinda suck when your computational budget is limited. I wonder if coupling them with ML techniques could bring them back.

Can someone share with me why antennas need to be designed in the first place? I thought it was one-shape-rules-all type of problem

A long time dream of rocket scientists is single-stage-to-orbit. Ideally you'd have a vehicle that takes off and lands like a conventional jet plane at a regular airport. I've always thought that perhaps AI and evolutionary algorithms might be able to navigate a way through the various tradeoffs and design constraints that have stopped us so far.

Could somebody share link to calculator of antenna parameters for arbitrary shape? Or may be some good book, where to read, how these things calculated?

I've seen few books on this topic, but have some issues on translate them into program.

This has to have been done in more modern times in simulation of the EM field for a better design instead of practically

Do people not go on Wikipedia nowadays? This is literally on the frontpage of the wiki for this stuff: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_algorithm