Regular cameras respond to a wide range of wavelenghts, and they do actually reasonably mimic the response of the human eye.
Either way, it's the "range" vs "single wavelength" that's key here. The green band (or blue band or red band) isn't one wavelength. It's an average over a fairly broad range. Single-wavelength (or very narrow range) images are quite different.
A fun example of these effects is "black fire".
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0LWtieip9E