> What apps in Google's ecosystem have the "all files" permission?

The system itself[0] has capabililities that aren't provided to app developers. iOS is similar. Contrast this with Windows and GNU/Linux where AFAIK you can do pretty much everything the OS can given the proper permissions. Not sure about macOS.

[0]: https://support.google.com/googleone/answer/9149304?hl=en&co...