Yeah
In Mexico they have these public transport vans and small buses (called combis and micro buses) that are truly a plague in bigger cities. Lots of pollution, lots of traffic, etc. It works for small cities but it just doesn't scale when you need to move millions.
In some routes they've been replaced by a metrobus[1] but still plenty of those vans around.
Combis are the only way to serve the last mile for a lot of locations in Mexico that don't have a large commuting population. It's the only cost efficient way to provide public transport to those pueblos or zones in the margins of the huge city.