In general, they’re not. But if the only thing emergent theories predict is Newtonian dynamics and General Relativity then that’s a big problem for falsifiability. But if they modify Newtonian dynamics in some way, then do we have something to test.

u/lewdwig's point was that if an emergent gravity theory made the sorts of predictions that MOND is meant to, then that would be a prediction that could be tested. The MOND thing is just an example of predictions that an emergent theory might make.

They both have to do with very weak gravitational fields.