The system on which I am using "chattr +i" is not even a systemd one. I forgot why I set the attribute in the first place. I might be able to figure it out, but it was the simplest and least time-consuming yet effective solution at the time. I think there were more than one reasons for it.
My educated guess would be either NetworkManager or resolveconf (or a DHCP client not even going through resolvconf), with fun with package upgrades resetting customizations as my second choice educated guess. (-: