alt Hacker NewsPermission granted by whom? Agencies and companies that launch satellites are subject only to the laws of the countries in which they are based. And it is not even imaginable to have a NPT-like system where a few "special" countries have the right to launch satellites while the others don't.
That generally falls to the International Telecommunication Union globally, as a satellite without a radio is basically junk.
Then maybe the 4(+) countries that can field anti sat weapons beyond that.