Hypothetically yes, but in 2025 it is impossible to do so on critical minerals/REEs.

The entire processing chain's IP and production capacity is in Asia. Even in South Korea and Japan, workers in these industries are given third world safety protections with temp workers imported from Vietnam, Indonesia, and poorer areas of China, as was seen with the Hwaseong battery factory fire a couple months ago [0][1]

Throwing environmental and workers rights tariffs on REEs and e-waste processing means the upstream supply chain for the entirety of electronics, automotive, aerospace, and every other manufacturing industry is ground to a halt, and you have to depend on foreign countries anyhow but with even less leverage.

[0] - https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/24/world/asia/lithium-batter...

[1] - https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/25/world/asia/south-korea-li...