What I don't understand is how it's possible for 90% of people to have a vitamin D deficiency, or whatever that crazy number was. Surely by that point it's just normal?
I don't know how it was approached for vitamin D, but it's all about the model they choose, which in the first instance is just something they pull out of thin air. For many water soluble vitamins and minerals the model is based on a threshold for urine excretion; up the dose until the study group is excreting as much as they take in. Until someone figures out otherwise--i.e. that it's too little, too much, or that other considerations need to be made--that's the basis for the RDA.
Modern life is spent indoors whereas historically during our evolution it was outdoors
Its also normal to be overweight and need glasses, doesn't mean that it isn't a problem.