> Are Linux /dev device paths (originating from Unix) really much better?
Not better at all, which is why Linux uses partition UUIDs to identify specific storage partitions, regardless of hardware identifiers. This isn't automatic, the user must make it happen, which explains why Linux users need to know more than Windows users (and why Linux adoption is stalled).
> Edit: Also /dev/sdX paths in Linux are not stable. They can and do vary across boot, since Linux 5.6.
Yes, true, another reason to use partition UUIDs.
> Plan 9 takes the everything is a file concept to its logical conclusion and is much better designed.
It's a shame that Plan 9 didn't get traction -- too far ahead of its time I guess.
Windows drive letters are also linked to some partition UUIDs, which is why you can move a partition to a different drive, or move drive to a different address (change SATA/m.2 port)
You can use mountvol command to see the mount-letter/GUID mapping.
I always saw it as two different mindsets for data storage.
One vision is "medium-centric". You might want paths to always be consistently relative to a specific floppy disc regardless of what drive it's in, or a specific Seagate Barracuda no matter which SATA socket it was wired to.
Conversely it might make more sense to think about things in a "slot-centric" manner. The left hand floppy is drive A no matter what's in it. The third SATA socket is /dev/sdc regardless of how many drives you connected and in what order.
Either works as long as it's consistent. Every so often my secondary SSD swaps between /dev/nvme0 and /dev/nvme1 and it's annoying.