I think "investing in research and hardware" is fairly relevant to my claim of "China has been investing in open-source LLMs." China also has partial ownership of several major labs via "golden shares" [1] like Alibaba (Qwen) and Zai (GLM) [2], albeit not DeepSeek as far as I know.

1: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/13/china-to-take-...

2: https://www.globalneighbours.org/chinas-zhipu-ai-secures-140...