You're reading research that says they're geniuses? As far as I know lack of self-control is the main factor.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8095718/ (see "Self-Control as Criminality" although it has a lot of caveats)

The other two are "being a young man" and lead poisoning, which are both versions of being dumb.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016604622...