PHEV in the title is plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Different from a pure EV.
Does that make a difference in this regard? If so, how, and is it an unavoidable penalty for PHEVs? I can see PHEVs having a complexity penalty from having an IC engine over and above the EV components, but that does not seem to be the source of the problems here.
This is true. EVs are much simpler than ICE, and PHEV basically have all the complexity of EV+ICE.