More specifically, the CPU cores in AWS Graviton5 are Neoverse V3 cores, which implement the Armv9.2-A ISA specification.

Neoverse V3 is the server version of the Cortex-X4 core which has been used in a large number of smartphones.

The Neoverse V3 and Cortex-X4 cores are very similar in size and performance with the Intel E-cores Skymont and Darkmont (the E-cores of Arrow Lake and of the future Panther Lake).

Intel will launch next year a server CPU with Darkmont cores (Clearwater Forest), which will have cores similar to this AWS Graviton5, but for now Intel only has the Sierra Forest server CPUs with E-cores (belonging to the Xeon 6 series), which use much weaker CPU cores than those of the new Graviton5 (i.e. cores equivalent with the Crestmont E-cores of the old Meteor Lake).

AMD Zen 5 CPUs are significantly better for computationally-intensive workloads, but for general-purpose applications without great computational demands the cores of Graviton5 and also Intel Skymont/Darkmont have greater performance per die area and power consumption, therefore lower cost.

Yes, Graviton chips are aarch64.

Good question! I read two different Amazon press releases on this but still had to come here for the answer. It seems strange they don't want to advertise the ISA of a compute product - does marketing think it might scare people away?