alt Hacker NewsWhat I'm curious about is what the language parts of the human brain look like for babies and toddlers. Humans obviously have a bunch of languages they can speak, and toddlers pick up the language that their guardians speak around their home, so there seems to be machinery there that is for the task of "online" learning.
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One part of the story I found fascinating is the overlap in infants' brains of the areas involved in tool use and hierarchical syntax. These diverge and specialize in adults. The homologous brain region in primates is involved in motor planning.
It's an interesting hint at the deeper evolutionary origins of language in the ability to plan complex actions, providing a neural basis for the observation that language and action planning have this common structure of an overall goal that can be decomposed into a structure of subgoals, which we see formalized in computer programs too.
This is an older reference (1991) where I first heard about it. there are more recent studies reinforcing various aspects of it but I didn't find one that was as comprehensive
I'd like one stage further - what are the genetics of this area? How does a dedicated brain area like this get encoded - (Hopefully the Allen Institute might dig on this one?); but if we can find how the areas are encoded in the DNA we could presumably see how they evolved, but then perhaps also spot other areas?
It's an interesting area of research, there is even some evidence that language experienced in utero affects speech perception: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12098.
I think this quote may speak to the question:
> The brain’s general object-recognition machinery is at the same level of abstractness as the language network. It’s not so different from some higher-level visual areas such as the inferotemporal cortex (opens a new tab) storing bits of object shapes, or the fusiform face area storing a basic face template.
In other words, it sounds like the brain may start with the same basic methods of pattern matching for many different contexts, but then different areas of the brain specialize in looking for patterns in specific contexts such as vision or language.
This seems to align with the research of Jenny Saffran, for example, who has studied how babies recognize language, arguing that this is largely statistical pattern matching.
Me too! Babies and toddlers brains are like sponges. We started teaching my baby 3 languages since birth (essentially I always spoken with her in my native language, my wife in hers and gets English from living in the US). She’s not even 4 yet an fully fluent in all three and seemlessly jumps back and forth between them. (To my surprise, she doesn’t mix words from the different languages in the same sentence)