Escape from Tarkov is popular and explores stamina heavily. You can't sprint for long, or you exhaust your stamina and wheeze audibly to other players which gives away your positioning at minimum.

Further, the more you carry, the slower you can sprint, the faster stamina drains, and the faster your energy and hydration meters deplete. Since this is a game at least partially about scavenging, if you're carrying too much, you can only take a few steps before your stamina is depleted and you are unable to even walk unless you toss your immensely heavy backpack or gear on the ground and wait to recover.

None of this is to suggest that complex stamina mechanics are common in gaming, however...EFT is an exception to the mainstream.

Fortnite, one of the world's most popular FPS games, has the notion of stamina. In my opinion it has been poorly implemented and it's incredibly frustrating at the best of times.

Diablo 1 had no running or speed mechanic, movement speed was always constant. Its expansion Hellfire allowed running in town but not in combat areas.

Diablo 2 (2000) added the sprinting mechanic with limited stamina, but it panned out as irrelevant for gameplay. The stamina supply easily ramps up to more than you ever deplete so you just always run. And players wanted it that way since no one wants to walk slower, and the monster speeds were later increased to be balanced against players always running.

I feel like most modern fps games have a sprint with stamina.