Personally I don't have a PhD, but do have several advanced degrees. From experience, I'd suggest look into deeptech companies that are looking for SWEs. Deep tech companies typically need folks with the ability to pursue scientific enquiry with a SWE / Product mindset.

I work at a company that is hiring folks that have a background in (helio)physicists / quantum (I think we have about 3 nobel prize labs represented right now in a team of 9) with SWE / ML experience (EDIT: and Full Stack Developers), to build products for the aerospace industry. Not exactly earth science, but if Heliophysics / Physics is of interest, my masked email in profile.