But once you have a lock file there is no resolution needed, is there? It lists all needed libs and their versions. Given how toml is written, I imagine you can read it incrementally - once a lib section is parsed, you can download it in parallel, even if you didn't parse the whole file yet.
(not sure how uv does it, just guessing what can be done)
For whatever it's worth, the toml library uv uses doesn't support streaming parsing: https://github.com/toml-rs/toml/issues/326