The other reply already mentioned HIMARS. There's also ATACMS, which are larger missiles that fire from the same platforms IIRC. The US also really likes to use air power against ships and keep them really far away from home turf, so they wouldn't have a lot of use for truck-launched anti ship missiles until things are pretty far down the shitter. It's probably not a coincidence that they also often seem to think the simple and cheap solution is beneath their dignity. That said, if I was in charge we'd have a lot more missiles.

If Himars count as missile trucks then they do. Sometimes they just park one on a ship deck