big Pharma has properties unlike many other business. The R&D is very, very expensive and, income is not directly related to expenses each year. The natural "moat" is such that only a relatively few, giant and wealthy, companies exist over time.
ref- The Billion Dollar Molecule
Why does the US consumer of said medications subsidize many other countries who have access to the same medications for a fraction of the US sticker price?
Except many (most?) pharmas spend more on marketing and sales than R&D. Lobbying is another big expense for most of them.
> big Pharma has properties unlike many other business. The R&D is very, very expensive and, income is not directly related to expenses each year
Isn’t this any capital-intensive business with variable demand?