I wasn't suggesting publishing to Cloudflare, just that if you're concerned about the complexity of the workflow of getting images into the CDN, simply fronting whatever host you're using with a CDN of some kind (which could be Cloudflare) will solve that.

Usually you just store the images in the same git repo as the markdown. How you initially host the static site once generated is up to you.

The problem with storing binaries in Git is when they change frequently, since that will quickly bloat the repo. But, images that are part of the website will ~never change over time, so they don't really cause problems.