I suppose Java exceptions have the same issues, albeit with automatic stack traces, obviously:

- the ? keyword is replaced either by runtime exceptions and so each function do it transpires you don’t catch it, or by simply stating the raised exception in the signature

- message can be overloaded for humans

- the exception type itself is the structured data, but in practice it seldom contains structured data and most logic depends on the exception type.

Make of this what you will, but I didn’t say it’s great.