Really, inst there anything which comes Slug-level of capabilities and is not super expensive?
Just use blend2d - it is CPU only but it is plenty fast enough. Cache the rasterization to a texture if needed. Alternatively, see blaze by the same author as this article: https://gasiulis.name/parallel-rasterization-on-cpu/
ThorVG might be worth a look - open source (MIT), ~150KB core, GPU backends (WebGPU, OpenGL).
We are using it as official dotLottie runtimes, now a Linux Foundation project. Handles SVG, Lottie, fonts, effects.
Vello [0] might suit you although it's not production grade yet.
[0] https://github.com/linebender/vello