> If you wanted to verify the contents of a dependency, you would want to check go.sum
You're right, but also TFA says "There is truly no use case for ever parsing it outside of cmd/go". Since cmd/go verifies the contents of your dependencies, the point generally stands. If you don't trust cmd/go to verify a dependency, then you have a valid exception to the rule.
Agreed. Arguably, though, it would be much more reasonable to trust cmd/go to verify a dependency than it would to trust your own code. A lot more effort is put into it and it has a proper security process established. So I think the point is, if you find yourself actually needing to verify the go.sum, not by using cmd/go, you are very likely doing something wrong.