> This article does not mention that environment variables are also visible by process in /proc/*/environ (which has restrictive permissions, but is completely visible to root).
He's explicitly not using export, so they won't show up there. Plain variables are not in the environment.
(it's good to bring up this file as well as getting inherited by child processes though)
I believe that unexported shell variables will be visible in /proc/*/mem, so it would be prudent to overwrite then unset them as soon as reasonably possible in their usage.
I think that once root is the adversary, all bets are off. The simplest being /proc/*/mem or hooking a debugger up to the process and pausing it...