If you ever wanted to use a modern C and C++ compiler on windows xp, 32 bit version of w64devkit[1] does target it and provides a recent gcc version.
From what I remember doing it several years ago, it was not too hard to patch MSVC 2019 to run on (not just generate binaries for) XP.
Coincidentally, just a few days ago, I tried to run Nim[0] on Windows XP as an experiment.
And to my surprise, the latest 32-bit release of Nim simply works out the box. But Nim compiles to C, so I also needed C compiler. Many versions of mingw I could find online - they all failed to launch.
After some time I managed to find very old Mingw (gcc 4.7.1) that have finally worked [1].
[0] - https://nim-lang.org/
[1] - https://ibb.co/TBdvZPVt