As already noted on this thread, you can't use certbot today to get an IP address certificate. You can use lego [1], but figuring out the exact command line took me some effort yesterday. Here's what worked for me:
lego --domains 206.189.27.68 --accept-tos --http --disable-cn run --profile shortlived
[1] https://go-acme.github.io/lego/
I wonder if the support made it to Caddy yet
(seems to be WIP https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7399)