If you want the raw data, you'll have to go dig in the archives to find the log books and card decks.

This[1] paper goes into some detail on how the digital records were constructed from the log books, card decks and such. This[2] paper deals with an update of those digital records, including new digitization efforts. You can download the raw digital data from ICOADS here[3].

[1]: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068%3C1239:ACOADS%3E2... A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (available on the hub of science)

[2]: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4775 ICOADS Release 3.0: a major update to the historical marine climate record (open access)

[3]: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/international-comprehensive-o...

Petabytes of it around. Here's a small sunset: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/

Would you like more, or do you plan on analyzing the first few petabytes first?