EDIT: Something weird is going on here. When compressing zstd in parallel it produces the garbage results seen here, but when compressing on a single core, it produces result competitive with Brotli (37M). See: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46723158
I did my own testing where Brotli also ended up better than ZSTD: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46722044
Results by compression type across 55 PDFs:
+------+------+-----+------+--------+
| none | zstd | xz | gzip | brotli |
+------|------|-----|------|--------|
| 47M | 45M | 39M | 38M | 37M |
+------+------+-----+------+--------+
Turns out that these numbers are caused by APFS weirdness. I used 'du' to get them which reports the size on disk, which is weirdly bloated for some reason when compressing in parallel. I should've used 'du -A', which reports the apparent size.
Here's a table with the correct sizes, reported by 'du -A' (which shows the apparent size):
These numbers are much more impressive. Still, Brotli has a slight edge.