are all starlink connections routed through the US?
don't they do local downlinks? at least for countries they have an agreement with or where the infrastructure is available?
No. My endpoint is in Berlin. Which implies there is a EU based major downlink somewhere.
Who owns and controls starlink? A local downlink dish or a US defense contractor?
What does it matter where they are routed through? You think your Starlink service in Germany is beyond the control of Musk or the US government?