> I don't understand why everyone is not taxed as an individual, regardless of marital status.
Because married couples form a household and it allows them to share child care and work as they see fit.
If you tax individuals, you're encouraging both to earn the same amount of money.
If you tax couples, it encourages the higher earner to keep working, thus you have a higher overall productivity.
Thus you have freedom and higher overall productivity in favor of shared tax burden.
I don't follow. If you encourage both to work, don't you get more total productivity? How does productivity increase by incentivizing one to leave the workforce?
And by encouraging both to work, you'll get more total tax revenue.