All three of those are "system package managers" (if you count winget as a package manager at all, which I would not). Pacman and APT are binary package managers while Homebrew is a source-based package manager. Cargo and NPM are language-specific package managers, which is a name I've settled on but don't love.

Imo there's an identifiable core common to all of these kinds of package managers, and it's not terribly hard to work out a reasonably good hierarchical ontology. I think OP's greater insight in this section is that internally, every package manager has its own ontology with its own semantics and lexicon:

> Even within a single ecosystem, the naming is contested: is the unit a package, a module, a crate, a distribution? These aren’t synonyms. They encode different assumptions about what gets versioned, what gets published, and what gets installed.