I don’t think those have much to do with it.
Certainly Go is a more rigorous language than say JavaScript but it’s package mangement was abysmal for years. It’s not even all the great now.
C/C++ is the same deal. The way it handles anything resembling packages is quite dated (though I think Conan has attempted to solve at least some of this)
I think Cargo and others have the hindsight of their peers, rather than it being due to any rigorous attribution of the language
And vcpkg, not only Conan.
I was mostly having typical application programming languages in mind such as C# and Java. Go doesn't exactly fit that bill and I've seen it be used more for technical plumbing that needs a good concurrency model. And Maven isn't exactly new.
Frankly, PHP also has a very good packet manager with Composer. In general, PHP has done surprisingly good and sane decisions for the language and extremely solid support for static typing by now.
But yeah, Cargo definitely had the benefit of Hindsight.
Concur: C and C++ are a great example of being both used for rigorous uses, but building/packaging being a mess. And I think the big adv Cargo/Rust has is learning from past mistakes, and taking good ideas that have come up; discarding bad.