Well, at least in my experience with EU projects, they tend to be much more restrictive with data sharing than equivalent US institutions: e.g. a lot of paid EUMET data has publicly available NOAA equivalents - though usually of worse quality.
Take a look at https://zenodo.org/communities/eu/
Yes, it's not everything, but it's a start.
Not sure why you're being down-voted. US weather models are free. EU models are not.
Yes! That government agencies data is PD is a nice feature of US law, we should implement that in EU.