It's not really possible to make a direct comparison, given that a big chunk of the features are baked into the silicon, or are architecture-level choices.

The ones I remember most affecting performance were zeroing allocated memory and the Spectre/Meltdown fix. Also, the first launch of a new app is slow in order to check the signature. Whole disk encryption is pretty fast today, but probably is a bit slower than unencrypted. The original FileVault using disk images was even slower.